the latest stable build is really old, and probably not worth using.
try
http://triptohell.info/moodles/win32/fteglqw.exe instead
(or
http://triptohell.info/moodles/win32/fted3dqw.exe if you want explicitly d3d only)
the binaries on triptohell are cross-compiled from gcc on debian. Because its debian, you KNOW that its not the latest gcc.

I don't know why you'd get a black screen in fullscreen mode and not windowed mode.
one possibility is hardware gamma ramps getting messed up somehow (certain drivers break things, or block gamma changes for windowed programs). make sure you have gamma 1; contrast 1; brightness 0. current svn builds use glsl instead of hardware gamma while windowed, and hardware gamma ramps when running fullscreen.
if you still have problems, you can try adding '+set gl_blacklist_debug_glsl 1' to your commandline. This can work around drivers that can't handle glsl as used by fte (fte requires that the preprocessor supports macros properly/fully), and can fix issues where the actual game is black. It shouldn't normally affect the console/menus though, as I think those avoid glsl unless they have to.
try '+gl_clear 1 +map start' on the commandline. if the screen is red then you know that the gl context is running and rendering, but the draw commands are bad (like miscompiled glsl). if its black then its some system incompatibility thing... which would make no sense.
.