It is hard as hell to spot players here. Makes it sort of a cat and mouse fight.

Here is EZQuake with r_drawflat 1 as an example.

My theoretical concept, the client has to send back to the server some random pixel from the rendering frame.
The server knows the answer is brown at a certain pixel based on world position and roll, angle, pitch (adjusted for FOV, etc.). Sure gamma and all and settings might affect the RGB values there and there ... but white or blue ain't the answer and the server would disconnect the client.
I'm thinking cheat workarounds might be more annoying than just playing legit. Sure you could have 2 rendering frames and get far less frames per second. Other options might prove to me more annoying to the cheater than they are worth.
Anyways, something for a future day ....
(There could be servers with the feature disabled, because that kind of thing would hate ... say ... replacement textures. But I think reasonable measures to enforce a server's rules that aren't too hard to code may prove to be useful.
The alternate is to have all clients cheat equally. I find that idea unacceptable, really.)
Statistical sampling of rendering. It could be done and wouldn't place any real burdens on game play.